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Archives: renewable energy

For all of you who’ve spent time in the last few weeks digging out driveways and walking through winter wonderlands, you probably have a newfound respect for the power of Mother Nature. At SunPower, we have the same respect, as we design and test our panels to maintain their high-efficiency production during the most extreme weather. In fact, a recent hailstorm at a customer installation in Phoenix, AZ demonstrated the importance of all-weather solar panel durability.

Back in October 2010, an afternoon hailstorm struck the Cowley Industrial Complex on the south side of Phoenix. The golf ball-sized hail was so large and ferocious that after the storm our local dealer, Don Herman of Empire Power Systems, said "It looked like someone had machine-gunned the complex with large bullets." However, the building’s southern end, which houses a 6.5 acre panel SunPower solar installation, was virtually spotless. More importantly, the solar panel’s continued to run at capacity producing 2.5 MW of electricity (enough to power 340 homes). In fact, out of the 8,000 panels that made up the installation, only three panels were damaged.

Hailstorm

The tiles used in the Cowley installations were SunPower T5 tiles. Since the T5 panel is a non-penetrating model, it doesn’t require drilling holes in a building’s roof to hold the installation in place. This saved Cowley from melt water leaking through the ceiling of its distribution center and slowing operations. Facing the most extreme weather conditions, Cowley was able to maintain business as usual (and keep generating solar power)!

SunPower T5 Tiles

Next time you have to head out the door with shovel in hand, remember that your reliable SunPower panels should be in perfect operating condition. You’ll likely only need to brush the snow off of them to provide clear access to sunlight. Are your panels steadily pumping out power while surrounded by snow? If so, we’d love to see pictures of your installation braving the winter elements on our SunPower Facebook Wall.

Today, we have a story of solar for elephants, along with many other animals, at the Perth Zoo in Western Australia.

SunPower at the Perth Zoo 1

Earlier this month, the Perth Zoo unveiled the city’s largest solar site installation: a 91 kW SunPower system spanning the zoo’s elephant barn and seven additional structures. This 303-panel installation is the first of two stages in a $2.7 million renewable generation project at the zoo. With over 300 sunny days each year, this installation will provide the lion’s share of energy to several zoo buildings.

SunPower at the Perth Zoo 2

Perth Zoo went solar to demonstrate its commitment to sustainability and conservation. The installations around the zoo and accompanying educational materials will serve as an ideal teaching tool for the 630,000 visitors who pass through each year. Many young children and their families will learn about the environmental benefits of solar energy while checking out the elephant den.

The Perth Zoo’s solar investment was made possible through joint funding by the state and federal governments. It is part of the Perth Solar City program, a $73.5 million initiative aimed at making solar power a viable alternative for local communities and encouraging local residents and businesses to consider solar energy solutions.

Government solar installations like that at the Perth Zoo are incredibly valuable in influencing the uptake of solar energy. Not only do these installations make financial sense for local governments looking to diminish costs and protect themselves against energy volatility, they also show others that solar investments are possible. That’s a lesson the resident of Perth, and the elephants, won’t forget.

This week’s post is the second installment of our utility-scale solar blog series featuring Matt Campbell, Director of Utility Products and Market Development at SunPower.

In this installment, Campbell discusses the advantages of the Oasis Power Plant solution for utilities, solar power plant developers and investors. He describes how Oasis streamlines the utility-scale power plant construction and development process by providing pre-engineered modules for quicker installation.

According to Campbell, “The first [way that Oasis streamlines the construction process] is, by having a pre-engineered block. What that means is, when you have a new piece of land, it becomes a very simple matter to overlay the pre-engineered power blocks over the terrain… So again, a standard kit of designs that enable a very fast preliminary design development process.”

He goes on to discuss the benefits of pre-qualification by investors, and highlights how SunPower’s Oasis technology enhances energy production at its peak:

“The Oasis system has been designed from the bottom up to optimize production when the utility is used the most, which is at peak demand. Now if you look at a place like California, the peak demand for energy is the summer in the afternoon, when on a hot day, most people have their air conditioning systems running, which creates an enormous strain on the grid and on their power plants. So what Oasis does is by using an optimized tracking system design, it’s producing up to forty percent more power during that summer afternoon peak period, which in the southwest of the United States is the peak of demand.”

Stay tuned - in two weeks, Matt Campbell will discuss Levelized Cost of Energy, or LCOE, a way to compare the cost of generation over the life of the system for differing generation technologies.

Check out the video below to learn more about SunPower Oasis advantages, and please join the discussion on our Facebook community at www.facebook.com/sunpower or follow us on Twitter (@SunPower) for the latest solar PV technology updates.

In 2007, we began our partnership with Sierra Nevada when the brewing company commissioned the first phase of what would become one of the U.S.’s largest private solar installations. Hosting over 2,228 SunPower panels and producing over 1.9 MW of power for the brewery, the installation was a key leap forward in Sierra Nevada’s company goal to 100 percent sustainable energy production. Coupled with an existing 1 MW fuel plant, they are able to provide the majority of its electrical energy needs with clean power produced on-site - and share surplus electrical energy with the California power grid! We’re proud to partner with a company so dedicated to a clean energy future. If you have not had a chance to visit this sustainable yet fun brewing facility, you can learn more and take a virtual tour of the installation by watching the video below!

Today, our partnership continues with two special programs designed specifically for Sierra Nevada employees and consumers:

Unplug Solar Program

As part of their commitment to solar, Sierra Nevada partnered with us to provide their consumers (you!) with a way to reduce their carbon footprint and save on electricity bills through the use of renewable energy generated from solar. In addition to Federal, State and local solar rebate incentives, the Unplug Solar Program provides an additional rebate of up to $1,500 on the purchase of a SunPower solar system. Click here to find more details on the Unplug Solar Program.

Sierra Nevada Brewing Co. Employee Solar Program
Sierra Nevada further extended its commitment to renewable energy by partnering with SunPower on a special program designed specifically for Sierra Nevada employees. With the program, we wanted to enable employees to save on electricity by providing an additional rebate of up to $1,750 on the purchase of a SunPower solar system, in addition to Federal, State and local solar rebate incentives. Click here to learn more about how Sierra Nevada Employee Solar Program works.

Is your company also interested in providing discounts to its employees on SunPower panels? If yes, then get in touch with us at affiliate.solar@sunpowercorp.com or call us at 1.877.779.7496.

In 1954, Bell Labs pioneered the development of solar power technology, creating solar panels able to provide enough power to support the telephone service to a 1950s farming family. Approximately 56 years later, SunPower, in conjunction with Alcatel-Lucent and ConEdison Development, will install a 1.2 MW ground-mounted solar power system at Bell Labs’ global headquarters in Murray Hill, New Jersey.

Occupying six acres of the 200-acre Bell Labs campus, the SunPower system will generate approximately $2.5 million in cost savings over the next 15 years, which is the equivalent to the amount of energy required to power more than 200 average New Jersey homes on an annual basis.

At SunPower, our president and founder Dr. Richard Swanson has studied up on the early days of the solar industry and is excited about the implications of this installation. Swanson said “SunPower is proud to install this system at Bell Labs, the birthplace of many seminal technologies such as the transistor. Bell Labs is also the birthplace of the first practical solar cell in 1954. Now, 56 years later, solar cells have become one of the fastest growing sources of clean electrical power, so it is fitting that this national treasure is turning to solar cell technology for its power.

Belllabs

As we near the end of SunPower’s Make an Impact Facebook campaign, our friends at the Second Harvest Food Bank of Santa Clara and San Mateo counties have shared a great video (below) detailing the install of their new 322-kW SunPower solar system. The installation was a donation from SunPower and Cypress Semiconductors, working through the SunPower Foundation. On October 1st, the Second Harvest team marked the occasion with a dedication ceremony attended by Second Harvest Food Bank CEO Kathy Jackson, San Jose Mayor Chuck Reed, SunPower CEO Tom Werner and Cypress Semiconductor CEO TJ Rodgers.

As Kathy Jackson says in the video, every cost (including electricity) at Second Harvest Food Bank boils down to meals provided. Thanks to the new SunPower system, Second Harvest Food Bank will save 50% off their future electricity bill and provide 6 million more meals to the local community over the life of the project.

The installation at Second Harvest Food Bank represents how the SunPower Foundation partners with non-profit organizations to provide solar power and positively impact local communities. If you want to Make Your Impact, visit the SunPower Facebook page and ‘like’ SunPower by Monday, November 15th. We’ll donate $10 on your behalf to similar non-profit solar projects. Likewise, visit the Second Harvest Food Bank site to learn how to help Santa Clara and San Mateo communities by donating your money or your time.

Dr. Richard Swanson, Founder, President and Chief Technical Officer, SunPower, shares details about efficiency and system costs in part two of our solar panel efficiency video series

This week’s blog post is the second installment of our three-part series with solar expert Dr. Richard Swanson.

In this installment Dr. Swanson explains why solar panel efficiency is such an important variable when calculating ROI and the total cost of a solar installation.

As Dr. Swanson explains:

"Efficiency is probably the single most important number in determining the cost of the electricity you get from the solar system."

So please take a minute and learn about the "very dramatic effects" of efficiency, and why SunPower continually strives to improve solar panel efficiency.

In the final installment of this series next week, Dr. Swanson will walk you through SunPower’s history of solar cell efficiency and where it is headed in the future. If you crave more solar discussions, but just cannot wait a week, join our Facebook community at www.facebook.com/sunpower.



Today we’re profiling one of our favorite customers, the Blackwood family of New Jersey (see video above). Many SunPower customers have two drivers for making the switch to solar: it makes financial sense and helps the environment. The Blackwoods fully embody this line of thinking. They computed that the return on investment for ownership of their solar system over its lifetime would outperform the S&P 500 with average monthly savings of $200. They also invested in an electric-MINI Cooper to cut down on their carbon output, which combined with their SunPower solar system will enable them to reduce their CO2 output by 30,000 pounds per year! We’re proud to work with such informed, forward-thinking customers.

We talked with Phil Blackwood about his decision to purchase solar, the purchase process and what’s next in his ongoing quest towards energy efficiency:

SP: Why did you go solar?
PB: I have always been fascinated by solar power. When I talked to some people [with solar panels] I could see how happy they were with their systems, especially when the systems had already paid for themselves. I did some financial calculations and decided it was not only good for the environment but also a good investment. After we had our system installed I continued reading about the environmental benefits and found they are incredible.

SP: How was the solar the purchase process?
PB: The purchase process was simple. I visited our local dealer, really liked the people I met there, and pretty much decided on the spot to go ahead and get the system. After discussing it with my wife, we put down a deposit to get the panels ordered!

SP: How effective has your SunPower system been in reducing your monthly energy bills?
PB: My panels are producing exactly the amount of power I was expecting. My lowest electric bill has been $2. Typically I am saving more than $200 a month. The amount of power produced held up well as the days got shorter in the fall. They produce the most power in the summer - right when we need it to air condition the house.

SP: You’re obviously an eco-conscious consumer. Now that you’re armed with solar panels and an electric vehicle, what’s next?
PB: I held a big celebration to inaugurate my system, and later in the evening I started thinking, “Now what? Maybe I can paint my roof white!” I studied that and decided a better option was to install a radiant barrier on the lower side of the roof (inside the attic). It’s the same idea as white paint, but it’s on the inside instead of the outside. We had our radiant barrier installed in January. I’m also changing out all our light bulbs with LED and ESL bulbs. Since we have already done a lot of other energy efficiency work on the house, the one big thing remaining is to switch out our natural gas heating with a heat pump that runs off the electricity from our roof. And maybe expand our system. And maybe see if we can go from one electric car and one gas-powered car, to two all-electrics.

SP: What advice would you provide to a homeowner who is considering a solar system purchase?
PB: Go for it!

With major automotive companies, including Ford, Nissan and Chevy set to introduce electric commercial and passenger vehicles this year, we couldn’t be more excited about both the short-term and long-term potential for major carbon reductions.

The cause of our excitement in the short term is that even if these vehicles are getting their electricity from dirty sources, which will be the case for many considering that much of electrical generation is from coal fired power plants, electric vehicles will still be clear winners in terms of a reduced carbon footprint when compared to their internal combustion engine (ICE) cousins.

However, if they receive their charges from renewable sources, such as a house, utility or charging station that is generating solar energy, consumers can then enjoy a dramatically reduced carbon footprint. This is what gets us excited!

At SunPower we envision a future where more of our energy is renewable and electric vehicles are a big step in making one’s commute green. While we understand that electric vehicles getting fuel from non-renewable sources is a little dirty, when homeowners and utilities embrace sources of energy that are abundant and renewable, such as solar, the benefits of having more and more electric vehicles on the streets become exponentially better.

Why shouldn’t our cars get their energy from the same source that has been powering plant life for hundreds of millions of years? After all, in the early stages of the automobile, electric vehicles dominated the market (link). Over time, electrics lost out to ICE automobiles because of the cheap abundance of petroleum, but now with the prices of gasoline unstable, extraction more risky and supplies finite; and with solar and renewable energy more affordable and abundant, why shouldn’t we return to the automobile’s electric origins?

A recent report by Deloitte forecasts that the electric vehicle market will make up only 3.1 percent of total automotive sales in the US (link), but this doesn’t tell the real story of the future of electric vehicles and their potential. We are already hearing about the success of some of our customers who are early adopters. For example, read the following testimonial of one of SunPower’s satisfied customers Tom Moloughney (here is a link toTom’s blog) below.

"My 8.8kwh SunPower solar electric system provides enough electricity to charge my 100% electric MINI-E and still have enough energy production left over to cover most of my home usage, Tom said via email. "lectric cars are the future of transportation and many major automotive manufacturers have electric cars in development right now," continued Tom. “Within a few years you’ll have many choices to buy electric cars and combining one with a home based solar electric system from SunPower will not only save you a lot of money, but allow you to enjoy the benefits of driving a true, 100% zero emission vehicle."

If you are interested in getting your own solar system to power your electric vehicle, we are offering up to $2000 additional rebates to the first 100 Facebook fans to sign up for a free solar evaluation on SunPower’s Facebook Page. Don’t miss this limited time offer and feel free to share it with your friends!

In this final installment of our solar panel efficiency series, Dr. Richard Swanson, Founder, President and Chief Technical Officer, SunPower, takes us through the history of solar panel efficiency and what direction it will take in the future.

As Dr. Swanson wraps up this efficiency series, we will explore SunPower’s past and peek into what the future has in store for SunPower and solar panel efficiency. After all, SunPower announced last month it had established the new world record at 24.2% solar cell efficiency: http://bit.ly/anEdic.

Among the areas discussed are the maximum possible efficiency level of a silicon solar cell and SunPower’s current focus on lowering the production costs of high-efficiency cells.

If you crave more solar discussions about SunPower, or would like to learn more about solar panel efficiency, join the conversation on our Facebook community at www.facebook.com/sunpower.

Today and tomorrow, SunPower is celebrating its 25th anniversary in the solar industry and its 5-year anniversary as a public company!

To commemorate, we’re extending a one-time only solar rebate offer for homeowners that want to reduce their carbon footprint and lower their energy bills. Join the celebration and sign up for our limited-time offer to save up to $2,000 on a residential solar system. This anniversary offer expires tomorrow, Thursday, November 18th at 11:59 p.m. PST.

25th Year Anniversary NASDAQ
The SunPower executive team celebrates 25 years of solar and 5 years on the NASDAQ

Going Solar is easier and cheaper than ever

The $2000 solar rebate from SunPower, on top of additional local, state, and federal incentives you might be eligible for, have already helped hundreds of SunPower customers to lower their monthly energy costs through solar. These are actual owner testimonials from the SunPower Facebook page:

I have solar panels with SunPower and you cannot believe the $$ I have saved in electricity. Make sure you contact them when you are ready to install panels! :o) - Beverly Tom

We put in a SunPower system through Arizona Solar Power last year. Our bills for the last 12 months total $1279.40 LESS than the previous 12 months. We are very happy. The panels look good too. - Terry Drucker

Join with us to celebrate 25 years and save up to $2,000 on a solar system for your home. Take advantage of this special offer by signing up for a free solar evaluation today or tomorrow!

* To be eligible for the special offer, you must own your home, live in SunPower dealer coverage area and sign up for a free evaluation with SunPower. Please note, this offer cannot be combined and is not available for previously installed or contracted SunPower systems.

SunPower recently announced that a new campus neighborhood at University of California, Davis, called  UC Davis West Village, is combining advanced energy efficient design features with a 4-megawatt (MW), high efficiency SunPower solar system. This project is the product of an innovative public-private partnership between UC Davis and West Village Community Partnership, LLC, a joint venture led by San Francisco-based Carmel Partners with their partner Urban Villages of Denver. Carmel Partners has developed ground-breaking solutions in the design of large-scale sustainable communities, utilizing both onsite renewable energy generation and aggressive energy efficiency measures.  UC Davis already has one of California’s most environmentally conscious campuses, and West Village will be the largest planned Zero Net Energy development in the nation. We are very excited to help UC Davis and Carmel Partners carry their sustainability initiatives to the next level. 
 
Since its founding in 1905, UC Davis has been celebrated for its focus on all things green. But that usually referred to things that grow in the ground, observed through the studies of agriculture, viticulture and enology (the science of wine and wine making). UC Davis now boasts an Office of Environmental Stewardship and Sustainability, with a charter is to make sustainability an integral part of the university’s future. And nowhere is the university’s commitment to planetary kindness more evident than on the construction site of the new UC Davis West Village. The 4MW SunPower system being installed there is expected to provide all of the electricity required by its 2,000 future residents.
 
The planning for West Village actually began a decade ago by UC Davis Energy Efficiency Center. SunPower joined the advisory board in 2006 to help shape and define the project goals. In 2010, SunPower began working with Carmel Partners, the developer selected by the university, to determine the solar requirements for the project and deliver the solar system design and engineering. 
 
West Village is considered ‘high-density housing,’ which means all apartments are consolidated into 3- and 4-story buildings, resulting in a very constrained total roof space on which to install solar panels. So, in addition to installing solar panels on all the available roof space, the SunPower team installed 2MWs of solar on a number of solar carports in the Village parking areas. The high efficiency of SunPower solar panels enabled the developers to meet the system size requirement with fewer parking structures than would be required if conventional solar panels were used. 
 
On the path to achieving “Zero Net Energy,” UC Davis West Village housing and commercial units also feature the following elements to help reduce energy demand and overall carbon footprint: 
 
  • The buildings have been designed to be 50% more energy efficient than is required by California’s rigorous energy code. 
  • West Village site design includes an extensive bike network and several new bus stops to encourage residents to leave their cars at home. 
  • Residents will have SunPower SMS 2.0 monitoring systems to track their energy generation and consumption. 
  • Residential and commercial dwellings feature special electrical outlets displaying the energy consumption of each connected device to combat “phantom power” use. 
 
We hope that seeing SunPower technology as part of the landscape will also encourage residents and business owners to consider renewable energy sources in the future. 
 
The first phase of the project, scheduled for completion this summer, includes more than 300 student apartments, a 15,000-sq.-ft. recreation and amenity facility, and commercial space for retail and university offices. The second and third phases, which will include more apartments, are scheduled for completion over the next two years.  Upon its completion, UC Davis West Village will become a leading example for future residential developments. 
 
On May 19th, California Lieutenant Governor Gavin Newsom and representatives from companies and organizations partnering on the project toured the West Village site. Check out the tour and construction zone photos below.
 
 

Although most of us perceive solar to be more sustainable than conventional sources such as coal or gas, traditional analysis methods rarely consider the full value that solar generation provides. As a result, economically viable solar power generation that achieves apparent parity with conventional energy sources1  – commonly referred to as “grid parity” – can seem an elusive goal. By taking a closer look at all the economic benefits of solar generation, however, it’s clear that grid parity is within reach. 
 
Let’s start by looking at just one of the many hidden benefits of solar generation. Solar power generation often coincides with peak demand periods, providing substantial value by generating power when it’s needed most. Take for example the August 2003 blackout in the Northeast. Not surprisingly, demand for power peaked during the day when temperatures were at their warmest and air conditioners were working their hardest. Solar generation is ideally suited to mitigating these peak conditions as the sun fuels both the heat wave and solar power generation. In this case, as little as 500 MW of solar PV installations dispersed throughout the region could have averted the outage.
 
One reason PV value is largely unrecognized is that it is usually defined solely in terms of the investment return it provides the owner of a system. That leaves out the value solar generation provides to utilities and ratepayers who purchase power, as well as taxpayers who have contributed to the installation of new PV systems via incentives and to society in general. Recently, I undertook the task of analyzing  the value of solar power generation to all constituencies in a particular area – in this case New York State – and demonstrated that solar generation can indeed reach grid parity.
 
So what are these hidden benefits? For utilities and ratepayers, benefits come in the form of reduced costs associated with obtaining power, whether it’s from the wholesale market or through increased power generation capacity needed to meet peak demand. In addition, because PV systems can be spread across a distribution system, power loss through long-distance transmission and wear-and-tear of feeder equipment such as transformers is reduced. PV generation also can act as a price hedge to volatile commodity prices for electricity. 
 
Taxpayers and the society at large also realize tangible benefits. Solar generation improves grid security by reducing the chances of power outages. Going back to the 2003 Northeast blackout example, a $3 billion investment in PV could have prevented the outage, which is estimated to have cost $8 billion. Solar generation also benefits the environment and public health through reduced pollution, and it employs more people than conventional energy production, creating jobs.
 
As Figure 1 shows, by quantifying these benefits for the State of New York, we estimated the combined value of distributed solar generation to the state’s rate and taxpayers to be in the range of 15 to 41 cents per kWh. Since the unsubsidized cost of PV is in the order of 20 to 30 cents in New York, the effective grid parity gap is essentially bridged in this state, and likely in several others as well. This a fundamentally different conclusion than arrived at when applying the traditional grid parity definition without any context, comparing unsubsidized PV to least-cost (gas) generation at 6 to 8 cents/kWh – let alone coal at 4 cents per kWh – and showing a large apparent solar grid parity gap. 
 
Richard Perez Grid Parity
 
Understanding the full value of solar better equips us to support the growth of solar generation. We all stand to gain from a healthier, more sustainable world – economically, environmentally and in terms of energy security.


 
Richard Perez co-authored the paper, “Solar Power Generation in the U.S.: Too Expensive, or a Bargain ?” with Tom Hoff, Founder and President, Research and Consulting at Clean Power Research, and Ken Zweibel, GW Solar Institute, George Washington University. 

1Specifically, apparent grid parity is the point at which unsubsidized solar competes with the cost of new gas generation capacity, sold at wholesale. 

Richard Perez
Richard Perez
Senior Research Associate, University of Albany, Atmospheric Sciences Research Center
Albany, NY, United States

This August, we had the pleasure of hosting Dartmouth College’s Big Green Bus, an eco-friendly Greyhound bus run by 13 students who strive to educate people on sustainable innovation. It was a unique experience for us to see how these college students (aka bussers) get their audience excited about the environment, sustainability and making a difference with the bus they live in and travel around the country with. 
 
The bussers have equipped the Big Green Bus with an assortment of educational tools. Perhaps the best educational tool they have is the actual bus itself. The bus was reengineered with mechanical and electrical components, which allow the bus to run clean and educate people. Two of the best examples are their veggie oil system and the solar panels. Many of the people that visit the bus have never seen either form of technology, but seeing it makes it easier for the bussers to explain how the technology works. One bonus is that some can’t quite believe that 13 students are travelling across the country and living off of the sun and used French fry oil. The bussers showcase how this is done at the places they visit. They use a touch-screen computer that maps different sustainability efforts around the country to help their excited visitors find local sustainability efforts that they can get involved with. The bussers are not the only ones who influence others, there are people and entire communities that surprise and inspire them as well. 

In North Carolina, the bus passed through a town that had little shops that sourced all local ingredients, which gave lots of business to the local farms and winemakers. This particular town not only gets fresh ingredients, but they are also reducing their carbon footprint. For this reason, Nick Devonshire, the fundraising coordinator of Big Green Bus, names North Carolina by far the coolest state they went to. This town is inspiring, proving that sustainability is not only a Northeast/Silicon Valley issue. Even though the bussers endeavor to make an impression on those they meet with, others have also blown them out of the water. 
 
It was great to see these 13 students in action at our offices explaining how they bring awareness to sustainability by providing eye-opening experience. Check out our video where the bussers explain some of the sustainable features they implemented on the bus as well as our employees’ reactions.

















If you missed them this year, keep an eye out for the 2012 tour

Variability of photovoltaic systems is an important and often misunderstood topic.  SunPower has been a pioneer and leader in efforts to better characterize variability and its impacts, and has helped develop a substantial body of work on the topic.  It has been consistently demonstrated that the variability of a single, relatively small PV system is much greater than that of many distributed PV systems – and that large, utility-scale PV systems demonstrate substantially lower variability than small systems in the same location.  The following article by guest blogger Richard Perez provides an excellent introduction to the topic.  
 
Owners of PV systems know first-hand that passing clouds cause rapid changes in the amount of energy produced from second to second. The impact of this short term power “variability” on system owners is usually seen rather than felt because during times of low production, electricity from the grid picks up the slack. This is good for PV system owners, but makes it difficult for grid operators, who are charged with providing reliable energy for their customers. 
 
One way for utilities to manage variability is to ramp up other power plants, but that increases the costs and complexity of managing the electric power distribution system. Fortunately, recent studies have found that renewable energy sources that are distributed across a wide geographic range greatly reduce the effects of weather-related variability to the overall electric system. This means that more “dispersed” residential and commercial PV is good for utilities. 
 
Electric grid operators became aware of the difficulty variability posed when information about short-term variability in a 3.5-megawatt plant in Springerville, Arizona was widely circulated in 2009. The analysis revealed frequent ramping up and down of the plant’s production as a result of passing clouds. This prompted utilities and agencies across the U.S. to ask themselves: “How would power fluctuations be handled if PV reached a sizeable fraction of power production?” The implication of the Springerville analysis was that short-term fluctuations in power production within a particular region are an obstacle to large-scale PV deployment. 
 
As a result of the Springerville analysis, the questions about short-term variability were taken up by the U.S. Department of Energy and the California Solar Initiative. Unsurprisingly, research confirmed that conditions can be highly variable at any given location. But on the positive side, research also revealed that spreading PV systems out over a larger area mitigates the problems of short-term variability. The truth of this finding is supported by the probability theory’s law of large numbers, and has been proven through recent studies. 
 
The following image illustrates this principle by showing how distance can “smooth” variability. The data in the top part of the figure shows 10-second solar radiation (irradiance) at a single location in Napa, California, on November 21, 2010. The data in the bottom half of the figure presents the same irradiance data, but measured at 25 locations in a 1.5 square mile grid rather than at a single location. The data in the bottom half of the figure is much smoother, without large short-term fluctuations.
 
Richard Perez Irradiance Data

A similar study in New York compared the variability of a single PV system versus a large number of systems deployed over a 25 square mile area. The study found that power output variability of PV systems distributed across a region is similar to the demand-side variability impacts that utilities have experienced for many years. Namely, that a single customer might be quite “noisy,” with local fluctuations caused by the starts and stops of systems and equipment, while the city-wide load experiences almost no short-term fluctuations. In the same way, the power fluctuations at a single PV system location can be substantial, but fluctuations decrease as the footprint of distributed systems increases. 
 
The efforts taken over the last few years to observe, understand and quantify the influence of space and time on PV energy production are making it easier for grid operators to manage short term variability.  These findings, and the introduction of tools to assess the impact of new PV systems on the overall electric grid, support the continued expansion of dispersed residential and commercial PV systems, and the ability for grid operators to get the most from their solar resources. 

For further reading:

Richard Perez co-authored the paper, "Solar Resource Variability: Myth and Fact," published in the September/October 2011 edition of Solar Today, with Tom Hoff, Founder and President, Research and Consulting at Clean Power Research

Richard Perez
Richard Perez
Senior Research Associate, University of Albany, Atmospheric Sciences Research Center
Albany, NY, United States
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